Atomic Orbital Explorer

Each point is a possible electron position, sampled from the real hydrogen-like probability density |ψ|². Step through energy levels in Madelung (Aufbau) order, the same diagonal-filling rule behind the periodic table.

n = 1 · ℓ = 0

Energy levelstep 1 / 19

n + ℓ = 1

Madelung filling order

Phase legend

positive lobe of ψ

negative lobe of ψ